In English, we use participles, which are formed by a verb + ing or v.3, to modify (or describe) nouns or pronouns. It is important to know when to use verb + ing and when to use v.3. There is an easy way to determine this: If the modified noun/pronoun is the doer of the action, verb + ing will be used. However, if the modified noun/pronoun receives the action, v.3 will be used.
Let’s look at the first example:
Let’s look at the first example:
1. The amount of money __________ for renovating the shop was over the budget.
a) spend
b) spending
c) to spend
d) spent
The modified noun is “The amount of money” which was spent for renovating the shop. In other word, it receives the action of spending, so the answer is d) spent.
Let’s look at the next example:
2. The person _________ the event is Ms. Wang’s new assistant.
a) coordinate
b) coordinating
c) coordinated
d) coordination
The missing participle modifies “The person” who coordinates the event. In other word, he/she is the doer of such action, so b) coordinating is the correct answer.
Remember, always figure out whether the modified noun is doing the action (then use verb + ing) or is the receiver of the action (then use v.3)
a) spend
b) spending
c) to spend
d) spent
The modified noun is “The amount of money” which was spent for renovating the shop. In other word, it receives the action of spending, so the answer is d) spent.
Let’s look at the next example:
2. The person _________ the event is Ms. Wang’s new assistant.
a) coordinate
b) coordinating
c) coordinated
d) coordination
The missing participle modifies “The person” who coordinates the event. In other word, he/she is the doer of such action, so b) coordinating is the correct answer.
Remember, always figure out whether the modified noun is doing the action (then use verb + ing) or is the receiver of the action (then use v.3)
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